Skip to Main Content

AMA Style Guide : In-Text Citations

In-Text Citations Overview

The AMA uses a numerical superscript format for citing sources. Number the citations in the order presented in the paper. Superscript numbers are placed after quotation marks, commas and periods. They are placed before semicolons and colons.

+ If citing several studies, separate the superscripts by commas.
+ If citing sequential studies, use a dash to indicate the sequence.
+ If citing a source already cited earlier in the paper, use the original number of the superscript.

 

EXAMPLES

Type 1 Diabetes is a known risk for cardiovascular disease.1

Several longitudinal studies have evaluated the effects of Type 1 Diabetes and cardiovascular disease.2,3

Research shows decreased mortality due to renal failure in the last 10 years. 1-7

With Type 1 diabetes, hypertension starts in childhood.14,2,15